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École polytechnique (also known by the nickname " X ") is a French public institution of higher education and research, located in Palaiseau near Paris. It is one of the French Grandes écoles, and is renowned for its four-year undergraduate ''Ingénieur Polytechnicien'' degree in science and engineering. Students are usually admitted after two years of selective university-level preparation in mathematics and physics or after a Bachelor of Science (Licence in French education system). ''Polytechnique'' was established in 1794 by the mathematician Gaspard Monge during the French Revolution,〔(Michel Nusimovici, ''Les écoles de l'an III'', 2010. )〕 and became a military academy under Napoleon I in 1804. Today, the institution still runs under the supervision of the French ministry of Defence. Initially located in the Latin Quarter of central Paris, the establishment was moved in 1976 to Palaiseau on the Saclay Plateau, southwest of Paris.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.polytechnique.edu/home/about-ecole-polytechnique/history-and-heritage/ )〕 ''Polytechnique'' is a founding member of ParisTech, a grouping of leading Paris-area engineering colleges established in 2007. In 2014 it became a founding member of the confederal "University of Paris in Saclay". Among its alumni are three Nobel prize winners,〔Becquerel, Allais and Tirole.〕 one Fields Medalist,〔Jean-Christophe Yoccoz (1994) ; Yoccoz was not a student at Polytechnique because he chose to be educated at École Normale Supérieure (1975-1979), but he completed his Ph.D. under Michael Herman in 1985 in the of École Polytechnique, a research centre which had been created by another Field medalist and a professor at Polytechnique : Laurent Schwartz.〕 three Presidents of France〔Sadi Carnot (who was the nephew of Carnot the physicist and the grandson of Carnot the ''École'' founder), Lebrun and Giscard.〕 and many CEOs of French and international companies. == History== Polytechnique has more than 200 years of tradition:〔 * 1794: The ''École centrale des travaux publics'' is founded by Lazare Carnot and Gaspard Monge, during the French Revolution, at the time of the National Convention. It is renamed "''École polytechnique''" one year later. * 1805: Emperor Napoléon Bonaparte settles the École on Montagne Sainte-Geneviève, in the Quartier Latin, in central Paris (), as a military academy and gives its motto ''Pour la Patrie, les Sciences et la Gloire'' (For the Nation, science and glory). * 1814: Students took part in the fights to defend Paris from the Sixth Coalition. * 1830: Fifty students participated the July Revolution. * 1914–1918: Students are mobilised and the school is transformed into a hospital. More than two hundred students were killed during the war. * 1939–1945: ''Polytechnique'' is moved away to Lyon in the free zone. More than four hundred polytechnicians died for France during the Second World War (Free French, French Resistance, Nazi camps). * 1970: The ''École'' becomes a state supported civilian institution, under the auspice of the Ministry of Defence. * 1972: Women are admitted to the ''Polytechnique'' for the first time. * 1976: The ''École'' moves from Paris to Palaiseau (approx 25 km / 15 miles from Paris) * 1985: The ''École'' starts awarding PhD degrees. * 1994: Celebration of the bicentennial chaired by President François Mitterrand * 2000: A new cursus is set in place, passing to 4 years and reforming the ''polytechnicien'' curriculum * 2005: The ''École'' starts delivering master's degrees. * 2007: The ''École'' is a founding member of ''UniverSud Paris'' and ParisTech. Image:Polytechnique logo.png|The Arms of the ''École polytechnique'' Image:Ecole Polytechnique France seen from lake DSC03389.JPG|The main hall seen from the lake File:0119-14juillet preview ecran.jpg|Cadets of ''Polytechnique'' at the Bastille Day Military Parade File:Bicorne hat Ecole Polytechnique.jpg|The ''Bicorne'' hat of ''Polytechnique'' 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「École Polytechnique」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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